AGRI-FOOD WASTE AND BYPRODUCTS IN TAMBAQUI AND TILAPIA DIETS: A circular economy perspective for small-scale fish farming in the amazon
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Fish farming has become a strategic activity for fish production in Brazil. However, the high costs of feed represent an obstacle to the economic viability of the activity, driving the search for alternatives. This study investigated the potential of agri-food waste in the formulation of handmade feed for tambaqui and tilapia, taking into account the socioeconomic aspects of fish farmers, the availability and seasonality of local ingredients, production infrastructure, and scientific evidence on the applicability of these inputs in the nutrition of the species. The research was conducted between 2023 and 2024 in the municipality of Vigia, Pará, covering 30 fish farmers. The methodology included technical visits and the use of structured questionnaires. The results indicated that fish farming is mostly conducted by men (93.3%) and operates in an extensive system (96.6%), using only family labor. Ingredients such as bananas (26.6%), mangoes (20%), açaí (16.6%), and cassava (20%) were the most commonly used alternative fish feeds. However, 90% of fish farmers do not have the infrastructure for the production of handmade feed. A literature review revealed that agro-industrial waste, has a nutritional composition compatible with the needs of tambaqui and tilapia and may partially replace conventional ingredients without compromising zootechnical performance. Our results indicated crops analyzed are intended for the final growth phase for both species, and their feeding habits are omnivorous. However, implementing this approach requires technical training and experimental studies to evaluate the nutritional and physiological effects of the ingredients on the digestibility and feed conversion of species.
Article Details
References
ANANG, S. A.; OTCHERE-PEPRAH, K.; AIDOO-MENSAH, D.; MENSAH, N. O.; NAKUJA, T.; BOATENG-GYAMBIBY, D. Livelihood diversification and coping strategies: evidence from small-scale fish farmers in Ghana. Cogent Social Sciences, v.10, n.1, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2024.2433712
BERTOCCI, F.; MANNINO, G. Can Agri-Food Waste Be a Sustainable Alternative in Aquaculture? A Bibliometric and Meta-Analytic Study on Growth Performance, Innate Immune System, and Antioxidant Defenses. Foods, v.11, n.13, 2022. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11131861
BRABO, M. F.; SILVA, A. R. L.; BARROS, K. D. N.; RODRIGUES, R. P.; CAMPELO, D. A. V.; VERAS, G. C. Custo de produção de rações alternativas para peixes onívoros no estado do Pará, Amazônia, Brasil. Agrarian, v.14, n.51, p.127-135, 2021. https://doi.org/10.30612/agrarian.v14i51.10670
CASTRO, D. R. C.; BRABO, M. F.; ROCHA, R. M.; CAMPELO, D. A. V.; VERAS, G. C.; RODRIGUES, R. P. Custo de produção e rentabilidade da criação de tambaqui Colossoma macropomum no estado do Pará, Amazônia, Brasil. Research, Society and Development, v.9, n.9, 2020. https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i9.6522
COLT, J.; SCHUUR, A. M. Comparison of nutrient costs from fish feeds and inorganic fertilizers for aquaponics systems. Aquacultural Engineering, v.95, n. 102205, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaeng.2021.102205
CORDEIRO, R. A. M.; SENA, W. L.; SILVA, A. L. P.; MEIRELES, R. O.; PIRES, E. S.; SOUZA, F. C. A.; CANTUÁRIA, P. C.; SILVA, B. M. S. E. Influência da produção do açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) na geração de renda e fortalecimento da agricultura familiar. Observatório de la Economía Latinoamericana, v.22, n.6, e5289, 2024. https://doi.org/10.55905/oelv22n6-150
ELIAS, M.; ZAREMBA, H.; TAVENNER, K.; RAGASA, C.; PAEZ VALENCIA, A. M.; CHOUDHURY, A.; HAAN, N. Towards gender equality in forestry, livestock, fisheries and aquaculture. Global Food Security, v.41, 100761, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2024.100761
FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION (FAO). The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2024 - Blue Transformation in action. 2024. https://doi.org/10.4060/cd0683en
FERREIRA, C. S. M.; SILVA, E. C.; GASPAR, F. D. S.; VENEZA, I. B. Torta de buriti (Mauritia flexuosa) como ingrediente alternativo em rações para juvenis de Tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum). Research, Society and Development, v.10, n.8, 2021. e24510817345. https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i8.17345
FIUZA, D. H. Um “Rebanho” Africano em Águas Brasileiras: história ambiental global da dispersão da Tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) e Rendalli (Coptodon rendalli) no Brasil. Revista de História Da UEG, v.12, n.2, 2023. https://doi.org/10.31668/revistaueg.v12i2.13899
FRISSO, R. M.; MATOS, F. T.; MORO, G. V.; MATTOS, B. O. Stocking density of Amazon fish (Colossoma macropomum) farmed in a continental neotropical reservoir with a net cages system. Aquaculture, 529, 735702, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.735702
GULE, T. T.; GEREMEW, A. Dietary Strategies for Better Utilization of Aquafeeds in Tilapia Farming. Aquaculture Nutrition, p.1-11, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9463307
HUNGRIA, A. P.; PINTO, M. D.; MACEDO, A. R. G.; SILVA, O. L. L.; MODESTO, R. C.; OLIVEIRA, L. A. A.; BRANDÃO, L. V.; SILVA, F. N. L. Understanding the Abandonment of Aquaculturists: A Case in the Amazon (North of Brazil) Aquaculture Journal, v.4, n.3, p.148-162, 2024. https://doi.org/10.3390/aquacj4030011
INSTITUTO BRASILEIRO DE GEOGRAFIA E ESTATÍSTICA (IBGE). Censo Demográfico 2022. Disponível em: < https://cidades.ibge.gov.br/>. Acesso em: 5 jan. 2026.
______. Pesquisa da pecuária municipal – PPM 2023. Disponível em: <https://www.ibge.gov.br/estatisticas/economicas/agricultura-e-pecuaria/9107-producao-da-pecuaria-municipal.html?=&t=resultados >. Acesso em: 5 jan. 2026.
IZEL-SILVA, J.; ONO, E. A.; QUEIROZ, M. N.; SANTOS, R. B.; AFFONSO, E. G. Aeration strategy in the intensive culture of tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum, in the tropics. Aquaculture, 529, 735644, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.735644
KLAHAN, R.; YUANGSOI, B.; WHANGCHAI, N.; RAMARAJ, R.; UNPAPROM, Y.; KHOO, K. S.; DEEPANRAJ, B.; PIMPIMOL, T. Biorefining and biotechnology prospects of low-cost fish feed on Red tilapia production with different feeding regime. Chemosphere, 311, 137098, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137098
KRUIJSSEN, F.; MCDOUGALL, C. L.; VAN ASSELDONK, I. J. M. Gender and aquaculture value chains: A review of key issues and implications for research. Aquaculture, 493, 328–337, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2017.12.038
LANGA, L. B.; LUNKAYILAKIO, S. W.; KINKELA, P. M.; GENNOTTE, V.;ROUGEOT, C. Fish Farming Activities in Mbanza-Ngungu: Farmer Socio-Professional Profiles, Production Practices, and Improvement Opportunities for Sustainable Aquaculture. Sustainability, v.16, n.17, p.7481, 2024. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16177481
LIMA, C. A. S.; BUSSONS, M. R. F. M.; OLIVEIRA, A. T.; ARIDE, P. H. R.; O’SULLIVAN, F. L. A.; PANTOJA-LIMA, J. Socioeconomic and profitability analysis of tambaqui Colossoma macropomum fish farming in the state of Amazonas, Brazil. Aquaculture Economics & Management, v.24, n.4, p.406–421, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1080/13657305.2020.1765895
MAGBANUA, T. O.; RAGAZA, J. A. Selected dietary plant-based proteins for growth and health response of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. Aquaculture and Fisheries, v.9, n.1, p.3–19, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aaf.2022.04.001
MARCHÃO, R. S.; COPATTI, C. E.; OLIVEIRA, E. P.; ROCHA, A. S.; SOUZA, A. M.; ROCHA, D. R.; CAMARGO, A. C. S.; MELO, J. F. B. Effects of the replacement corn meal by whole mango meal on tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) diet:Digestibility, growth performance, biochemical, and hematological responses. Anais Da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, v.96, n.3, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202420230662
MENDES, R.; CONCEIÇÃO, L. E. C.; DIAS, J.; ENGROLA, S.; SÁNCHEZ VÁZQUEZ, F. J. Nile tilapia and gilthead seabream dietary self-selection of alternative feeds. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, v.50, n.4,1849-1860, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-024-01373-y
Peixe BR. (2024). Anuário 2024 Peixe BR da Piscicultura.
PEREIRA-JUNIOR, G. P.; PEREIRA, E. M. O.; PEREIRA-FILHO, M., BARBOSA, P. S.; SHIMODA, E.; BRANDÃO, L. V. Desempenho produtivo de juvenis de tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum Cuvier, 1818) alimentados com rações contendo farinha de crueira de mandioca (Manihot esculenta, Crantz) em substituição ao milho (Zea mays). Acta Amazonica, v.43, n.2, p.217–226, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0044-59672013000200013
PRABAKUSUMA, A. S.; WARDONO, B.; FAHLEVI, M.; ZULHAM, A.; DJOKO SUNARNO, M. T.; SYUKUR, M.; ALJUAID, M.; SANIUK, S.; APRILIANI, T.; PRAMODA, R. A bibliometric approach to understanding the recent development of self-sufficient fish feed production utilizing agri-food wastes and by-products towards sustainable aquaculture. Heliyon, v.9, n.7, e17573, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17573
RODRIGUES, A. P. O.; FREITAS, L. E. L.; MACIEL-HONDA, P. O.; LIMA, A. F.; LIMA, L. K. F. Feeding rate and feeding frequency during the grow-out phase of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) in earthen ponds. Aquaculture Reports, 35, 102000, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aqrep.2024.102000
SAMPATHKUMAR, K.; YU, H.; LOO, S. C. J. Valorisation of industrial food waste into sustainable aquaculture feeds. Future Foods, 7, 100240, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fufo.2023.100240
SANTOS, D. K. M.; FREITAS, O. R.; OISHI, C. A.; FONSECA, F. A. L.; PARISI, G.; GONÇALVES, L. U. Full-Fat Black Soldier Fly Larvae Meal in Diet for Tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum: Digestibility, Growth Performance and Economic Analysis of Feeds. Animals, v.13, n.3, 2023. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13030360
SILVA, A. F.; COPATTI, C. E.; OLIVEIRA, E. P.; BONFÁ, H. C.; MELO, F. V. S. T.; CAMARGO, A. C. S.; MELO, J. F. B. Effects of whole banana meal inclusion as replacement for corn meal on digestibility, growth performance, haematological and biochemical variables in practical diets for tambaqui juveniles (Colossoma macropomum). Aquaculture Reports, 17, 100307, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aqrep.2020.100307
SILVA, F.; MEDEIROS, L. R.; LIMA, A. A. N.; XAVIER, D. T. O.; MACEDO, A. R. G.; REIS, A. A.; BRANDÃO, L. V.; SOUZA, R. A. L. Alimentos alternativos da agricultura familiar como proposta em rações para Tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum Cuvier, 1818). Pubvet, v.11, n.02, 2017. https://doi.org/10.22256/PUBVET.V11N2.103-112
SILVA, T. V. N., GOMES, R. M. M., TORRES, M. F., BARBAS, L. A. L., SAMPAIO, L. A., & MONSERRAT, J. M. Water quality and oxidative stress in fish Colossoma macropomum fed with dietary Amazonian fruit Euterpe oleracea Mart. after transport simulation. Chemistry and Ecology, v.40, n.4, p.351–368, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1080/02757540.2024.2312872
VALENTI, W. C.; BARROS, H. P.; MORAES VALENTI, P.; BUENO, G. W.; CAVALLI, R. O. Aquaculture in Brazil: past, present and future. Aquaculture Reports, 19, 100611, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aqrep.2021.100611
VIANA, J.; FARIAS, L.; PAIXÃO, D.; SANTOS, M.; SOUZA, R.; BRABO, M. Índice de desempenho competitivo de pisciculturas no estado do Pará, Amazônia, Brasil. Informações Econômicas, v.48, n.3, p.19–30, 2018. https://doi.org/10.56468/1678-832X.eie1917
XAVIER, C. R.; GUERRA, C. D. S.; SILVA, F. N.L.; SAMPAIO-NETO, O. Z.; RODRIGUES, L. J.; TAKEUCHI, K. P. Aspectos produtivos da cajucultura e aproveitamento integral de derivados de caju no processamento agroindustrial. RECIMA21 - Revista Científica Multidisciplinar, v.3, n.8, 2022. https://doi.org/10.47820/recima21.v3i8.1792
XAVIER, D. T. O.; BRANDÃO, V. M. D.; SILVA, F. N.L.; BRANDÃO, L. V.; SOUZA, R. A. L. Torta de cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum) em dietas para juvenis de tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum Cuvier, 1818). Pubvet, 10(11), 795–803, 2016. https://doi.org/10.22256/pubvet.v10n11.795-803